What Are IDocs?

Last edited: 1999-07-18 18:20 +0200
IDocs are structured ASCII files (or a virtual  equivalent) that adhere to some well-defined conventions. These conventions are known to sender and receiver.
IDocs Are SAP's Implementation of Structured Text Files
IDocs are by no means anything special. They are physically ASCII data streams like simple flat files with lines of text, where the lines are structured into data fields. The typical structured file has records, where each record starts with a leading string, which identifies the record type, eg. if it is a header record or an item record. The only precondition for an IDoc is, that the meaning of every field must be recognizable without interpreting the contents, so that the data can be mapped into a database structure without semantical interpretation of the content.
Electronic Interchange Document
IDocs is the acronym for Interchange Document, meaning a set of (electronic) information which builds a logical entity. Because an IDoc is meant to be exchanged (or interchanged) between two independently existing partners, an IDoc must adhere to a mutually accepted format or language.  An IDoc is eg. all the data of a single customer in your customer master data file. If you send data for multiple customer at the same time, we shall regard this as sending multiple IDocs.
Data Is Transmitted In ASCII Format, i.e. Human Readable Form
Idoc data is usually exchanged between systems and partners who are completely independent. Therefore the data should be tfransmitted in a format, that can easily be corrected by the humans who operate the computers. It is therefore mandatory to post the data in a human readable form. Nowadays, this means that data is coded in ASCII fomat, including number, which are sent as string of figures 0 to 9. Such data can easily be read with any text editor on any computer, be it a PC, Macintosh a UNIX System or any internet browser.r